Comparative analysis of four detectors for the profile measurement using CyberKnife

Abstract

Objective To evaluate four detectors for the off-axis ratio profile measurements of a CyberKnife system, and provide reference and suggestions for selecting and using the correct detectors. Methods Profiles were acquired by using four detectors, PTW-60017, PTW-60018, PTW-60019 and IBA-SFD, at different depths for different collimator sizes, with the detector stem being oriented both perpendicular and parallel to the central beam axis. The differences of profiles and the influence of detector orientation on measurement result were analyzed. Results All full width at half maximum (FWHM) of field measured by four detectors in parallel orientation was larger than that in actual field size. The deviation was increased with the size of collimator and measurement depth, with the maximum deviation of 1.9 mm. The maximum deviation of FWHM among four detectors was 0.2 mm. The penumbra was the smallest for IBA-SFD, and the largest for PTW-60019. The maximum deviation of penumbra was 0.3 mm. The IBA-SFD tended to over-respond in the out-of-field region when the collimator size was larger than 30 mm. Both FWHM and penumbra in perpendicular orientation were smaller than those in parallel orientation for PTW-60017, PTW-60018 and PTW-60019, especially at 5 mm collimator. However, the trend was opposite for IBA-SFD. With the increase of collimator aperture, the difference between the right and left penumbra acquired by four detectors was increased, with more obvious stem effects. Conclusions Similar profiles were acquired by four detectors, but the detector characteristics and effects of detector orientations should be considered. Key words: CyberKnife; Off axis ratio profiles; Volume averaging; Detector orientation; Stem effects