Abstract
Over the last decade, the total primary energy consumption has increased from 479 × 1015 BTU in 2010 to 528 × 1015 BTU in 2020. To address this ever-increasing energy demand, as well as prevent environmental pollution, clean energies are presented as a potential solution. In this regard, evaluating and selecting the most appropriate clean energy solution for a specific area is of particular importance. Therefore, in this study, a comparative analysis in Jiangsu province in China was performed by describing and implementing five prominent multi-criteria decision-making methods in the field of energy technology selection, including SAW, TOPSIS, ELECTRE, VIKOR, and COPRAS. The decision problem here consists of four clean energy options, including solar photovoltaic, wind, nuclear, and biomass, which have been evaluated by twelve basic and important criteria for ranking clean energy options. The obtained results, according to all five MCDM methods, indicate that solar photovoltaic was the optimal option in this study, followed by wind energy. The nuclear and biomass options placed third and fourth, respectively, except in the ELECTRE method ranking, in which both options scored the same and thus neither was superior. Finally, by conducting a comprehensive two-stage sensitivity analysis, in the first stage, it was found that changes in the weights of land use and water consumption criteria had the greatest impact on the performance of options, among which biomass and nuclear showed high sensitivity to variations in criteria weights. In the second stage, by defining five scenarios, the ranking of options was evaluated from different aspects so that the decision maker/organization would be able to make appropriate decisions in different situations.
Highlights
Global primary energy consumption drastically increased from 479 × 1015 BTU in 2010 to 528 × 1015 BTU in 2020 [1]
This study aims to comprehensively study the solutions of clean energy sources for electricity generation in Jiangsu province in China with the help of five widely used multicriteria decision making (MCDM)
The evaluation of clean energy sources is of particular importance for governments because making the right decision provides opportunities for new economic markets and job creation
Summary
Global primary energy consumption drastically increased from 479 × 1015 BTU in 2010 to 528 × 1015 BTU in 2020 [1]. Increasing concerns about global warming because of the impact of fossil fuels have forced many countries to concentrate on developing and implementing emerging clean energy sources, such as hydro, wind, solar, biomass, and nuclear [3]. Choosing an eligible clean energy source should be specific to a particular region, and this choice involves various complex equations. Nuclear energy, which has high utilization risk in terms of safety, has lower operating expenses compared to others. Choosing the right clean energy solution is significant for a specific area because appropriate decisions will create opportunities for new markets and jobs. Using clean energy resources has several technical hindrances and relatively high production costs, at least in the foreseeable future. The choice of alternative energy sources has absorbed the focus of researchers and governments [4]
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