Comparative analysis of facies and reservoir characteristics of Miri Formation (Miri) and Nyalau Formation (Bintulu), Sarawak

Abstract

This study on the sedimentological and reservoir petrophysical properties (porosity, permeability, density, sonic velocity) of sandstones were conducted on the sedimentary rocks belonging to the Miri Formation (Middle Miocene) from Miri and Nyalau Formation (Middle Miocene) from Bintulu in Sarawak. The objectives are i) to investigate and determine the facies characteristics and reservoir properties of the different types of sandstones, and ii) to establish the relationships between the facies characteristics and petrophysical properties. Two lithofacies have been sampled from the outcrops of Nyalau Formation and four lithofacies from the outcrops of Miri Formation based on lithology, sedimentary structures, fossil traces and bed geometry. These are grouped into four major lithofacies: (i) hummocky cross-stratified sandstones (HCS); (ii) trough cross-bedding sandstones (TCB); (iii) bioturbated sandstones; and (iv) swaley cross-stratified sandstones (SCS). Hummocky and swaley cross-stratified sandstones, trough cross-bedded sandstones and some bioturbated sandstones of Miri formation recorded the highest poro-perm values, with relatively lower density values (as compared Bintulu samples). The TCB sandstones are well sorted sandstones, with minimal mud content. This has contributed to the high poro-perm values. The bioturbated swaley cross-stratified sandstone (MF4) shows high permeabilities in some samples and low permeabilities in others. This reflects the heterogeneity in facies characteristics and poro-perm distribution of bioturbated samples. Bioturbated HCS, the HCS and TCB sandstones of Bintulu show moderate poro-perm values. The Nyalau Formation rocks are older, and thus are expected to have undergone greater compaction than the younger Miri Formation. This is also reflected in the higher density values recorded for all the Bintulu samples. INtrodu Ct Io N In general, facies characteristics determine the overall reservoir properties of sandstones, while diagenetic changes impose a secondary control on their poro-perm characteristics. The purpose of studying the reservoir sedimentological characteristics and petrophysical properties of Tertiary sandstones from Sarawak is to investigate and determine the facies characteristics, and reservoir properties of the different types of sandstones, and to establish the relationships between the facies characteristics and petrophysical properties. This study on the sedimentological and reservoir petrophysical properties (porosity, permeability, density, sonic velocity) of sandstones were conducted on the sedimentary rocks belonging to the Miri Formation (Middle Miocene) from Miri and Nyalau Formation (Middle Miocene) from Bintulu in Sarawak.