Comparative analysis of etiological factors of infectious urocystitis of dogs and cats

Abstract

Worldwide, urocystitis is the most common disease of the urinary system. Urocystitis is a generalized name, since the disease has a varied etiology and can be complicated by bacterial microflora, passing from a non-infectious pathological process to an infectious one. Often, during the course of urocystitis, bacteria play the role of a complicating factor or are the primary cause of infectious urocystitis in dogs and cats. It should be noted that various pets can suffer from urocystitis, regardless of their age and sex. Therefore, the study of the causes of the disease among domestic animals, its etiology and degree of spread plays an important role in veterinary science. Identification of pathogens that most often provoke infectious urocystitis with the determination of their sensitivity to antibacterial agents is the key to successful treatment of this disease. Postmortem examination of small animals suffering from bacterial urocystitis showed that the pathological process was present in the urethra and bladder. Pathomorphological changes were characterized by purulent-catarrhal inflammation of the bladder with hemorrhages on its mucous membrane. The wall of the urethra was thickened, the mucous membrane was soaked with diffuse hemorrhages, and urethra was filled with hemorrhagic exudate. In order to find out the percentage ratio of infectious and non-infectious urocystitis, to identify microbial cells, to determine the species composition of the microflora and its sensitivity to antibiotics of different groups, aseptic urine samples were taken from animals with urocystitis. The study was conducted on 82 sick cats and dogs. The percentage of animals studied: 67% were dogs and 33% were cats. Urine collected by cystocentesis was subjected to microscopy and it was sown on nutrient media. Microscopy results showed the presence of bacteria of different shapes and concentrations in the urine of the sick animals. Of all the studied samples, 70.7% had no growth on nutrient media, which indicates the sterility of the studied urine while 29.3% showed bacterial growth when cultured on dense nutrient media (MPA, MPB and blood agar). In the process of microbiological research, the growth of six cultures of microorganisms was revealed, including: Enterococcus spp. (33.3%), Escherichia coli (29.2%), Corynebacterium urealyticum (12.5%), Staphylococcus spp. (12.5%), Proteus spp. (8.3%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (4.2%). The obtained pure cultures were cultured on the selective Muller-Hinton medium in order to determine their antibiotic resistance. It was established that bacterial agents show the greatest sensitivity to fluoroquinolone antibiotics (enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin), cephalosporins (cefazalin, cephalexin, and ceftriaxone) and nitrofuran derivatives (furomag, furagin) on the Muller-Hinton medium.