Abstract
Waterlogged condition due to flooding is one of the major abiotic stresses that drastically affect the soybean growth and yield around the world. As a result, many breeders have focused on the development of waterlogging tolerance in soybean varieties, and thus, several tolerant varieties were developed. However, the physiological mechanism of waterlogging tolerance is not yet fully understood. We particularly studied the endogenous hormones regulation during waterlogging in two contrasting soybean genotypes. According to our results, adventitious roots were better developed in the waterlogging tolerant line (WTL) than in the waterlogging susceptible line (WSL). Endogenous hormones also showed significant differences between WTL and WSL. The ethylene production ratio was higher in WTL than in WSL, and methionine was higher in WTL than in WSL. Other endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) contents were lower in WTL than in WSL. Conversely, gibberellic acid (GA) showed a tendency to be high in WTL, especially the levels of the bioactive GA4. The ratio of total GA and ABA was significantly higher in WTL than in WSL. Anatomical study of the root revealed that aerenchyma cells in the stele were better developed in WTL than in WSL.
Highlights
Soybean is one of the most important edible oil-producing leguminous crops that gained tremendous applause due to its nutritional values (Waqas et al, 2014)
In the 5 and 10 days after waterlogging treatment, the shoot length (SL) of waterlogging tolerant line (WTL) did not show a significant difference between the control and treatments, but SL of waterlogging susceptible line (WSL) was slightly reduced 10 days after treatment (DAT) in comparison with the control (Table 4)
shoot fresh weight (SFW) of WTL did not show any difference between control and treatment conditions 5 DAT; it was significantly decreased at 10 DAT
Summary
Soybean is one of the most important edible oil-producing leguminous crops that gained tremendous applause due to its nutritional values (Waqas et al, 2014). Phytohormones in soybean plants under waterlogging to be optimized (Chen et al, 2011) Cultivation factors such as soil condition, irrigation, fertilizers supplementation, and crop protection from disease can be modulated through human efforts; controlling the environmental conditions in a cultivation area is almost impossible (Chen et al, 2011; Fan et al, 2012; Ahmed et al, 2013). Various meteorological disasters including serious drought, salinity, unusual high and low temperatures, and freezing and flooding events constantly occur in crop cultivation areas (Fan et al, 2012) To overcome these poor environmental conditions, agriculture scientists are constantly trying to develop new crop varieties that can adapt to or are tolerant to unfavorable environmental conditions (Ahmed et al, 2013)
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