Comparative Analysis of Different Platelet Lysates and Platelet Rich Preparations to Stimulate Tendon Cell Biology: An In Vitro Study.

Franka Klatte-Schulz,Markus Rojewski,Britt Wildemann,Ulrich Kalus,Axel Pruss,Tanja Schmidt,Hubert Schrezenmeier,Sven Scheffler,Melanie Uckert

doi:10.3390/ijms19010212

Abstract

The poor healing potential of tendons is still a clinical problem, and the use of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) was hypothesized to stimulate healing. As the efficacy of PRPs remains unproven, platelet lysate (PL) could be an alternative with its main advantages of storage and characterization before use. Five different blood products were prepared from 16 male donors: human serum, two PRPs (Arthrex, (PRP-ACP); RegenLab (PRP-BCT)), platelet concentrate (apheresis, PC), and PL (freezing-thawing destruction of PC). Additionally, ten commercial allogenic PLs (AlloPL) from pooled donors were tested. The highest concentration of most growth factors was found in AlloPL, whereas the release of growth factors lasted longer in the other products. PRP-ACP, PRP-BCT, and PC significantly increased cell viability of human tenocyte-like cells, whereas PC and AlloPL increased Col1A1 expression and PRP-BCT increased Col3A1 expression. MMP-1, IL-1β, and HGF expression was significantly increased and Scleraxis expression decreased by most blood products. COX1 expression significantly decreased by PC and AlloPL. No clear positive effects on tendon cell biology could be shown, which might partially explain the weak outcome results in clinical practice. Pooled PL seemed to have the most beneficial effects and might be the future in using blood products for tendon tissue regeneration.

Highlights

Tendon healing is limited due to the poor vascularity and intrinsic healing capacity [1,2,3]
The idea that Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) can promote tissue healing is based on the high content of growth factors in the alpha granula of the platelets like transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and others, which are known to trigger or even be involved in angiogenesis and tissue regeneration [13]
With the analysis of the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10) in the stimulated humann tenoccyyttee likee cells (hTLCs), we aimed to investigate the effect of the blood products on inflammatory processes

Summary

Introduction

Tendon healing is limited due to the poor vascularity and intrinsic healing capacity [1,2,3]. Different platelet preparations were tested regarding their stimulating effect on musculoskeletal tissue healing [4,5], showing that PRP can enhance human bone, muscle, and tendon cell proliferation as well as the collagen I gene expression and matrix synthesis of tenocytes in vitro [6,7,8]. A further advantage of PL compared to conventional PRPs is that it can be stored frozen and used for consecutive applications It can be analyzed for growth factor content and other characteristics before its use to standardize the product. There is a lack of studies that compared PLs to standard PRPs regarding their growth factor content as well as their stimulatory potential on human tenocytes of the rotator cuff

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