Comparative Analysis of Different Methods used in Evaluation of Physio-chemical Parameters of Surface Water: A Review

Abstract

Water plays a significant role in day-to-day life of all living beings on earth. Surface water bodies are extensively used for various purposes in domestic, industrial, and agricultural sector but the quality of water is getting deteriorated rapidly. Water contamination is a worldwide issue affecting every corner of the world. In the present era, surface water bodies get tremendously affected due to increased population, urban run-off, and industrial pollution. The polluted water not only affect human health but also have an adverse effect on the entire ecosystem. Several physical, chemical, and biological parameters are associated with the quality of water and the continuous measurement of all these parameters are needed to detect the contamination level in water bodies and their harmful effects. The water quality analysis requires different methods to measure different constituents and their concentration present in it. Different factors including environmental factors, methodological and human errors etc. results in fluctuations and erratic results so the focus is given on choosing the accurate method for measurement of various parameters. This review paper identified and inspected various methods of measurement for physio-chemical parameters, their applications, merits, and demerits related to the particular method used. This involves the comparative discussion on various methods used for investigation of water quality parameters and their proficiency in giving accurate results.