Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is an emerging therapy for treating acute and chronic liver diseases as an alternative for patients who are not transplant candidates. The potential of this treatment depends on its therapeutic efficiency and safety, which have been investigated and evaluated in both preclinical and clinical settings. However, there are still some risks associated with the delivery methods, such as low long-term retention rate and the possibility of arousing cancer or rejection. Methods: During the review process, previous papers mentioning “stem cell treatment” and “liver diseases” were searched. We described different up-to-date approaches for stem cells from various origins to be delivered to the liver and compared respectively their pros and cons for clinical applications. We also proposed several potential techniques for future studies. Summary: An efficient and safe stem cell delivery could be enabled via Alginate-Polylysine-Alginate (APA) microencapsulation, lipid-conjugated coating or the use of nanoparticles. Their efficacy will be improved through tissue engineering and microrobots as the delivery is sustained and targeted with fewer rejection responses.
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