Abstract
Organic solid wastes are produced with large amount wherever there are human activities. However, improper treated organic wastes made them as sources of diseases. On the other hand, these fractions contain nutrients and energy, so they have also valuable resources. As a result, exploring their potential as an energy source can be accomplish via anaerobic digestion process, in which, organics converted into hydrogen, methane and/or ethanol. Therefore, this manuscript introduces an overview of the common applied types of reactor that can handle these types of wastes in their solid state and recover them in term of biogas, as well as, stabilize the produced digestate to bio-fertilizers by compositing approach. A comparison also listed to demonstrate the optimum operational conditions and expected amount of biogas from each type.
Highlights
Incredible growing amount of solid waste is a crucial challenge worldwide
Biological treatment of organic waste gains great interest especially anaerobic digestion process (AD). This is because being anaerobic which means no aeration tools are required, in turn, operational and maintenance costs are significantly reduced, besides AD has the ability to extract all the carbon and hydrogen atoms from organic molecule and transfer them to the form of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), in addition using mixed culture bacteria at the process make AD able to deal with different types of organic wastes [15, 16]
AD process has been categorized into dry AD process that deal with waste contains total solid (TS) content larger than 20% (w/w) and wet AD which only loaded with TS lower than 10% (w/w)
Summary
Incredible growing amount of solid waste is a crucial challenge worldwide. environmental management of solid waste produced every year has to be safely disposed without any negative impact to the environment [1]. Biological treatment of organic waste gains great interest especially anaerobic digestion process (AD) This is because being anaerobic which means no aeration tools are required, in turn, operational and maintenance costs are significantly reduced, besides AD has the ability to extract all the carbon and hydrogen atoms from organic molecule and transfer them to the form of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), in addition using mixed culture bacteria at the process make AD able to deal with different types of organic wastes [15, 16]. AD process has been categorized into dry AD process that deal with waste contains total solid (TS) content larger than 20% (w/w) and wet AD which only loaded with TS lower than 10% (w/w) In this concern, dry AD found to be more efficient that wet type, since wet process requires large reactor capacity to handle the same amount of organic content due to the high water content. The aim of this manuscript is to describe the commercial types of dry AD reactors and compare between them in terms of operational conditions, advantages of each type and the estimated biogas production related to reactor capacity
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