Abstract
Six parts of lotus (seeds, leaves, plumule, stamens, receptacles and rhizome nodes) are herbal medicines that are listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Their indications and functions have been confirmed by a long history of clinical practice. To fully understand the material basis of clinical applications, UPLC-QToF-MS combined with the UNIFI platform and multivariate statistical analysis was used in this study. As a result, a total of 171 compounds were detected and characterized from the six parts, and 23 robust biomarkers were discovered. The method can be used as a standard protocol for the direct identification and prediction of the six parts of lotus. Meanwhile, these discoveries are valuable for improving the quality control method of herbal medicines. Most importantly, this was the first time that alkaloids were detected in the stamen, and terpenoids were detected in the cored seed. The stamen is a noteworthy part because it contains the greatest diversity of flavonoids and terpenoids, but research on the stamen is rather limited.
Highlights
Nelumbo nucifera Gaerth., an aquatic plant in the Nymphaeaceae family, is distributed in wetlands throughout Asia. It is known as sacred lotus; it is used as a food and herb, and deeply related to Buddhism in Asia, and its flower is used as the pedestal for divine figures
Almost all parts of this plant have been used as food as well as herbal medicine for over 2000 years, and especially the lotus seed and rhizome are more widely used due to their delicious taste and great nutritive value [2]
By comparing the numbers of the detected compounds and signal strength of the chromatographic peak observed in the UPLC-QToF-MS assay, it seems that electrospray ionization (ESI)− mode is better than ESI+ for this test
Summary
Nelumbo nucifera Gaerth., an aquatic plant in the Nymphaeaceae family, is distributed in wetlands throughout Asia It is known as sacred lotus; it is used as a food and herb, and deeply related to Buddhism in Asia, and its flower is used as the pedestal for divine figures. Almost all parts of this plant have been used as food as well as herbal medicine for over 2000 years, and especially the lotus seed and rhizome are more widely used due to their delicious taste and great nutritive value [2]. The seed (Nelumbinis Semen), leaf (Nelumbinis Folium), plumule (Nelumbinis Plumula), stamen (Nelumbinis Stamen), receptacle (Nelumbinis Receptaculum) and rhizome node (Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Nodus) are listed in the official Pharmacopoeia of China (CP) Their indications and functions, which were confirmed by clinical practice for thousands of years, were recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Data analysis provided useful information for further study and usage of the plant
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