Abstract
The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the pine wilt disease’s (PWD) causal agent, is a migratory endoparasitic nematode skilled to feed on pine tissues and on fungi that colonize the trees. In order to study B. xylophilus secretomes under the stimulus of pine species with different susceptibilities to disease, nematodes were exposed to aqueous pine extracts from Pinus pinaster (high-susceptible host) and P. pinea (low-susceptible host). Sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) was used to determine relative changes in protein amounts between B. xylophilus secretions, and a total of 776 secreted proteins were quantified in both secretomes. From these, 22 proteins were found increased in the B. xylophilus secretome under the P. pinaster stimulus and 501 proteins increased under the P. pinea stimulus. Functional analyses of the 22 proteins found increased in the P. pinaster stimulus showed that proteins with peptidase, hydrolase, and antioxidant activities were the most represented. On the other hand, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the 501 proteins increased under the P. pinea stimulus revealed an enrichment of proteins with binding activity. The differences detected in the secretomes highlighted the diverse responses from the nematode to overcome host defenses with different susceptibilities and provide new clues on the mechanism behind the pathogenicity of this plant-parasitic nematode. Proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD024011.
Highlights
The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the causal agent of the pine wilt disease (PWD)
Some differences were found in the distribution of proteins associated with catalytic activity compared with that previously reported for the B. xylophilus secretome under P. pinaster extract (Cardoso et al, 2016), with a higher percentage of proteins associated with hydrolase activity than with peptidase activity
The comparative quantitative data on B. xylophilus secretome under the different stimuli showed that 22 proteins mostly associated with nematode feeding and migration during its phytophagous phase were increased under the P. pinaster stimulus
Summary
The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the causal agent of the pine wilt disease (PWD). It is present in its native region, North America, and in Japan, China, South Korea, Taiwan, Portugal, and Spain. The PWN begins to feed on parenchymal cells, using the resin canals to spread quickly from the entry point throughout the tree. This leads to tracheid cavitation and disruption of water transportation, which causes the appearance of wilting symptoms and tree death within a few months after the infection. Secreted proteins are known to have important roles on nematode– plant interaction as they are involved in cell wall degradation, cellular metabolism, cellular regulation, and host-defense evasion (Shinya et al, 2013b)
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