Comparative analysis of bottom trawl and nanopore sequencing in fish biodiversity assessment: The sylt outer reef example

Abstract

The assessment of fish diversity is crucial for effective conservation and management strategies, especially in ecologically sensitive regions such as marine protected areas. This study contrasts the effectiveness of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding analysis employing Nanopore technology with compare beam trawl surveys at the Sylt Outer Reef, a Natura 2000 site in the North Sea, Germany.Out of the 17 fish species caught in a bottom trawl (using a 3m beam trawl), 14 were also identified through eDNA extracted from water samples. The three species not detected in the eDNA results were absent because they lacked representation in public DNA databases. The eDNA method detected twice as many fish species as the beam trawl, totalling 36 species, of which 14 were also detected by the trawl. Additionally, the selection of primers (Mifish) facilitated the identification of one marine mammal species, the harbour porpoise.In conclusion, the findings underscore the potential of eDNA coupled with MinION sequencing (Long read technology) as a robust tool for biodiversity assessment, surpassing traditional methods in detecting species richness.