Abstract
The European Commission has been actively involved in the development of the World-wide harmonized Light duty Test Cycle (WLTC). The aim of that project was to develop a harmonized light duty test cycle, that represents the average driving characteristics around the world and to have a legislative world-wide-harmonized procedure put in place from 2017 and onwards for determining the level of CO2 emissions. This work presents the results of the effect of automatic and manual transmissions as a drivetrain of a light duty vehicle on WLTC driving cycle. AVL Cruise software was used as simulation platform to analyse the CO2 level and fuel consumption of dynamic vehicle model using different type of drivetrains. At first the simulation tool and the most influential parameters of the driving cycle procedure are described. In the second phase various components and modules for both dynamic models using automatic and manual transmission, as well as the respective input parameters, were defined. Analyses are based on a developed dynamic vehicle model in AVL Cruise. Finally, the simulation results were evaluated and presented for the two dynamic models according to a legislative driving cycle to provide the basis fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions.
Highlights
Research and development trends in the automotive industry have been focused on developing vehicles with drivetrains that are strongly driven by steadily increasing demands on improvements in fuel consumption, emissions and performance
The wide harmonized Light duty Test Cycle (WLTC) has been developed with driving profile obtained from in use driving data and a test procedure more realistic in terms of vehicle mass and resistance to progress.The New European Driving cycle (NEDC) significantly differs from WLTC characterized by a shorter duration and distance, longer idling and cruising time and lower speed and acceleration
In the simulation carried out with AVL Cruise WLTC regulation fixed points, the total CO emissions were found higher by 6 % higher for the case using automatic dual clutch transmission than using the manual transmission vehicle when compared to the WLTC CO emissions curve
Summary
Research and development trends in the automotive industry have been focused on developing vehicles with drivetrains that are strongly driven by steadily increasing demands on improvements in fuel consumption, emissions and performance. Increased emissions in conjunction with achieving the maximum degree of natural regeneration of the environment lead to serious problems related to pollution [1, 2]. Since the early phase of the automotive development, the interaction between the environment and the traffic has been represented by an ever-increasing number of legal standards related to reducing the exhaust gas pollutants, hazardous substances and waste. The increasingly high traffic density, high demand of mobility and transportation adversely have a significant impact on the environment, causing the large societal problems such as a rapid depleting petroleum resources, an increasing air pollution and global warming [3]. The European Union automobile industry welcomes the shift to WLTC and has actively contributed to the development of this new test cycle
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