Abstract
The aim of present study was to conduct a comparative analysis of electrophysiological characteristics for venoms and toxins of two species ( Nephila clavata and Argiope lobate ) of spiders (Araneidae) that could be useful for laboratory practice and future investigations. Their venoms and toxins function as antagonists of glutamate receptors, and these substances were used successfully for investigations of membrane structures. The results of the electrophysiological studies of the venoms and toxins are presented for the venom from N. clavata and its main active component toxin JSTX-3, and for the venom from A. lobata and its three toxins – argiopin AR, argiopinin 1 (ARN-1), argiopinin 2 (ARN-2). The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the correlations between the electrophysiological effects of studied toxins’ and chemical structures of their molecules is presented. The problems of complexity of venoms’ composition and whether venoms’ properties are determined completely by the main active components are discussed. The role of JSTX-3 as a “universal marker of glutamatergic synapses” in different species of fauna are also discussed. Keywords: venoms of spiders Araneidae, toxins, glutamate receptor antagonists, transmembrane electric current
Highlights
The aim of present study was to conduct a comparative analysis of electrophysiological characteristics for venoms and toxins of two species (Nephila clavata and Argiope lobate) of spiders (Araneidae) that could be useful for laboratory practice and future investigations
The results of the electrophysiological studies of the venoms and toxins are presented for the venom from N. clavata and its main active component toxin JSTX-3, and for the venom from A. lobata and its three toxins – argiopin AR, argiopinin 1 (ARN-1), argiopinin 2 (ARN-2)
We compared some electrophysiological properties of the venom from N. clavata (JSTX-V) with its active component – toxin JSTX-3 and venom from A. lobata (AR-V) with its active component – toxin argiopin (AR) with two other toxins from this venom – argiopinin 1 (ARN-1), and argiopi nin 2 (ARN-2)
Summary
The venoms from two Araneidae species (Nephila clavata, Argiope lobata) and four toxins from them with known chemical structure were investigated in these our experiments: JSTX-3, AR, ARN-1, ARN-2 (see Fig. 1) [29]. The irreversibility of JSTX-V action (unlike JSTX-3), might be explained by the presence of other fractions in the venom, that are bound with the membrane irreversibly During binding, such blockers could change irreversibly the properties of glutamate channel-receptor complex (gCRC) by themselves, or they could operate through different, more complex mechanisms. The influences of all studied toxins on the glutamate receptor were characterized by a number of common features They all blocked glutamate- (GLU), kainate- (KK), and quisqualate (QL)-activated currents in rat hippocampal membranes to various degrees and were washed differently. The numbers 1, 2 mean following regularities: 1 is the decrease of effect with chemical structure complication, and 2 is the increase of effect with chemical structure complication [27, 33, 37, 38]
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