Abstract
According to the recent taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of the family Hylidae, species of the former Scinax catharinae (Boulenger, 1888) clade were included in the resurrected genus Ololygon Fitzinger, 1843, while species of the Scinax ruber (Laurenti, 1768) clade were mostly included in the genus Scinax Wagler, 1830, and two were allocated to the newly created genus Julianus Duellman et al., 2016. Although all the species of the former Scinax genus shared a diploid number of 2n = 24 and the same fundamental number of chromosome arms of FN = 48, two karyotypic constitutions were unequivocally recognized, related mainly to the distinct size and morphology of the first two chromosome pairs. Some possible mechanisms for these differences had been suggested, but without any experimental evidence. In this paper, a comparison was carried out based on replication chromosome banding, obtained after DNA incorporation of 5-bromodeoxiuridine in chromosomes of Ololygon and Scinax. The obtained results revealed that the loss of repetitive segments in chromosome pairs 1 and 2 was the mechanism responsible for karyotype difference. The distinct localization of the nucleolus organizer regions in the species of both genera also differentiates the two karyotypic constitutions.
Highlights
The family Hylidae was recently revised by Duellman et al (2016), who proposed a new phylogenetic tree based on 503 species and 16, 128 aligned sites of 19 genes
In the classification proposed by Duellman et al (2016), the newly constituted genus Scinax includes the species of the Scinax ruber (Laurenti, 1768) clade, with the exception of S. uruguayus (Schmidt, 1944) and S. pinima (Bokermann & Sazima, 1973), both assigned to the genus Julianus, along with Sphaenorhynchus, whereas Ololygon comprises species of the former Scinax catharinae (Boulenger, 1888) clade
Five species currently included in the genus Ololygon, O. albicans (Bokermann, 1967), O. argyreornata (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926), O. hiemalis (Haddad & Pombal, 1987), O. littoralis (Pombal & Gordo, 1991), and O. obtriangulata (Lutz, 1973), and six species of genus Scinax, S. caldarum (Lutz, 1968), S. crospedospilus (Lutz, 1925), S. eurydice (Bokermann, 1968), S. fuscovarius (Lutz, 1925), S. hayii (Barbour, 1909), and S. similis (Cochran, 1952) were collected from Brazilian locations (Table 1) with the consent and approval of Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (38827-2)
Summary
The family Hylidae was recently revised by Duellman et al (2016), who proposed a new phylogenetic tree based on 503 species and 16, 128 aligned sites of 19 genes According to this phylogeny, the families Hylidae, Pelodryadidae, and Phyllomedusidae were placed in an unranked taxon named Arboranae, a new subfamily Scinaxcinae and a new genus Julianus Duellman, Marion, Hedges, 2016 were created, and the genus Ololygon Fitzinger, 1843 was resurrected, among other modifications. The hylids Scinax Wagler, 1830 and Ololygon are included in Scinaxinae and form a cluster along with Julianus and Sphaenorhynchus Tschudi, 1838. The support value for the cluster of the Julianus, Ololygon, and Scinax species was high (97%), but the placement of Sphaenorhynchus was low (49%), according to Duellman et al (2016), this relationship is still uncertain and needs to be reviewed. In the classification proposed by Duellman et al (2016), the newly constituted genus Scinax includes the species of the Scinax ruber (Laurenti, 1768) clade, with the exception of S. uruguayus (Schmidt, 1944) and S. pinima (Bokermann & Sazima, 1973) (from the former S. uruguayus group), both assigned to the genus Julianus, along with Sphaenorhynchus, whereas Ololygon comprises species of the former Scinax catharinae (Boulenger, 1888) clade
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