Abstract
Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is one of the most important bamboo species in China and the third most important plant species for timber production. However, the dwarf variant of moso bamboo, P. edulis f. tubaeformis (shengyin bamboo), which has shortened internodes, is not well studied. We used anatomical, hormonal, and transcriptomic approaches to study internode shortening and shoot growth in dwarf shengyin and wild moso bamboo. Phenotypic and anatomical observations showed that dwarfing in shengyin bamboo is due to reduced internode length, and the culm fibers in shengyin bamboo are significantly shorter and thicker than in wild moso bamboo. We measured the levels of endogenous hormones in the internodes and found that shengyin bamboo had lower levels of four hormones while two others were higher in wild moso bamboo. Comparative transcriptome analyses revealed a potential regulating mechanism for internode length involving genes for cell wall loosening-related enzymes and the cellulose and lignin biosynthesis pathways. Genes involved in hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, especially those that showed significant differential expression in the internodes between shengyin and wild moso bamboo, may be important in determining the shortened internode phenotype. A hypothesis involving possible cross-talk between phytohormone signaling cues and cell wall expansion leading to dwarfism in shengyin bamboo is proposed. The results presented here provide a comprehensive exploration of the biological mechanisms that determine internode shortening in moso bamboo.
Highlights
Bamboo is known to be one of the world’s fastest-growing plants
The fibrocytes in dwarf shengyin bamboo decreased in length and increased in width compared with the same cells in wild moso bamboo
There are eight DGEs that encode cellulose synthase (CESA) subunits, and these bamboo CESA proteins are involved in regulating cellulose biosynthesis in shengyin bamboo with distinct catalytic activities, and that more CESAs might be needed to participate in cell wall metabolism in the dwarf variant compared to wild moso bamboo
Summary
Bamboo is known to be one of the world’s fastest-growing plants. Under natural conditions, culms of developing moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie.) reach their final height of more than ten meters within a short period of 2–4 months [1]. To better understand the growth characteristics and physical properties of bamboo, the anatomical structure of the culms and sequential elongation of the internodes from the base to the top has been observed [3,4]. Transcriptome sequencing and proteomics have enabled studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying the rapid internode elongation, and prediction of some. GInyinthaisndstuwdiyld, -wtyepepemrfoosrombeadmtrbaonosctroipdteotmeremsienqeutehnecipngo,sshiborlemboinoelopgriocafilimnge,chanadnisms of dwaanrafitnogmiincasl hoebnsegryviantibonasmobfodoif.fTeroenotusrtaktnesowofleeldogneg,astiuocnhaanddegtraoiwletdh oafntdhecocmulmpre(bhaesnasl,ivmeidindvlee,satnigdation of bamtobpoionthearnsondoets)bebeentwreeepnodrtwedartfoshdeanteg.yin and wild-type moso bamboo to determine the possible biological mechanisms of dwarfing in shengyin bamboo. To our knowledge, such a detailed and. C2o.mRpeasruisltosn of Phenotypic Characteristics of Dwarf Shengyin Bamboo and Wild Moso Bamboo.
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