Abstract
The impact of short-term exposure to waterborne chlorpyrifos-ethyl and lambda-cyhalothrin on Clarias gariepinus was evaluated through changes of selected biochemical parameters. Fish was exposed to 0.64 mg/l, 0.80 mg/l, 0.96 mg/l, 1.12 mg/l, 1.28 mg/l of chlorpyrifos-ethyl, and 0.008mg/l, 0.009mg/l, 0.010mg/l, 0.011mg/l, 0.012mg/l of lambda-cyhalothrin and control for 96hrs. The 96-h LC50 value for C. gariepinus was estimated as 0.92mg/l and 0.008mg/l for chlorpyrifos-ethyl and lambda-cyhalothrin respectively. The parameters measured were serum glucose, protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, glutamic pyruvic acid transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic acid transaminase (GOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).There was significant (P Keywords : Chlorpyrifos-ethyl, Lambda-cyhalothrin, biochemical parameters, C. gariepinus , acute toxicity Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Vol. 14 (3) 2008: pp. 263-270
Highlights
In the recent times in Africa, as a result of high population growth, accompanied by an intensive urbanization, an increase in industrial activities and a higher exploitation of cultivable land, there has been steady increase in the quantity and diversity of discharges that reach aquatic environment (West, 1988)
Acute toxicity of the chemicals on C.gariepinus was carried out by static bioassay method, and the result revealed that the insecticides were highly toxic to C. gariepinus with 96h LC50 value of 0.92mg/L (Fig. 1) and No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) estimated as 0.0092mg/L for chlorpyrifos-ethyl
96-h LC50 value of 0.008 mg/L (Fig. 2) and No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) of 0.8x10-5mg/L was obtained for lambda-cyhalothrin
Summary
In the recent times in Africa, as a result of high population growth, accompanied by an intensive urbanization, an increase in industrial activities and a higher exploitation of cultivable land, there has been steady increase in the quantity and diversity of discharges that reach aquatic environment (West, 1988). Aquatic pollution by pesticides results mainly from their widespread use in agriculture and in vector control campaigns. A major reason for the increased use of pesticide in the north is the development of dry-season irrigated farming (Mbagwu and Ita, 1994). These poisons are washed into water bodies through surface run-off during the rainy seasons. Pyrethroids are applied to control some parasitic diseases caused by e.g. Lepeophtherius salmonis in farm cultures of salmonids (Toovey and Lydon, 2000). The mode of action of chlorpyrifos and their metabolites is inhibition of enzyme acetyl cholinesterase (AchE), and the inhibition of AchE activity caused by chlorpyrifos is more persistent than that caused by other organophosphates and it is believed that this is because chlorpyrifos is lipophilic (Chamber and Carr, 1993)
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