Abstract
Open-graded aggregates (OGAs) are free-draining materials often used as the base layer of permeable pavements to allow the infiltration or drainage of stormwater. Despite their widespread use, the compaction quality of OGA base layers has not been specified properly. The currently used density-based compaction quality control (QC) has limitations; obtaining the field density and maximum dry density of OGAs by typical methods is challenging, due to their unique properties. To overcome these limitations, modulus-based compaction QC can be used as an alternative. In this study, five different OGAs were chosen and compacted into a specially built soil chamber to measure their densities. The light weight deflectometer (LWD) and the soil stiffness gauge (SSG) were used to evaluate the modulus of the compacted OGAs. The vibratory hammer compaction test was conducted to obtain the maximum dry density of the aggregates. Through these tests, the relationship between the modulus of the compacted aggregates and the relative density was obtained, and efforts to find a modulus range that ensures proper compaction were made. It was found that the LWD and SSG are valid and reliable devices for monitoring the modulus change of OGAs due to compaction.
Highlights
Permeable pavement is a widely acknowledged low impact development (LID) technology that is used to mitigate water circulation problems related to recent urbanization
For investigating the effectiveness of the light weight deflectometer (LWD) and stiffness gauge (SSG) as modulus evaluation and compaction quality control (QC) devices for open-graded aggregates (OGAs) materials, the modulus change of compacted OGAs was investigated by LWD and SSG, corresponding to relative compaction (RC)
Throughout vibratory hammer compaction and soil chamber tests, ELWD and ESSG corresponding to density of compacted OGA samples were investigated
Summary
Permeable pavement is a widely acknowledged low impact development (LID) technology that is used to mitigate water circulation problems related to recent urbanization. By allowing stormwater to infiltrate or drain under the surface of the pavement, unlike conventional impervious pavements, permeable pavements have the function of reducing surface runoff [1,2] They are effective in reducing pollutants included in stormwater, especially when the filter layers are installed under the surface layers, by capturing heavy metals, motor oils, and sediment [3,4,5]. To encourage these hydrologic functions of permeable pavements, their structure should contain connected pores. When OGAs are used to construct base layers, the layers will contain large voids between particles, unlike dense-graded aggregates that are used to construct conventional base layers (Figure 1)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
