Abstract
Compaction waves traveling through porous cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine (HMX) are computationally modeled using the Eulerian hydrocode CTH and validated with gas gun experimental data. The method employed use of a newly generated set of P-α parameters for granular HMX in a Mie-Gruneisen equation of state. The P-α model adds a separate parameter to differentiate between the volume changes of a solid material due to compression from the volume change due to compaction, void collapse in a granular material. Computational results are compared via five validation schema for two different initial-porosity experiments. These schema include stress measurements, velocity rise times and arrival times, elastic sound speeds though the material and final compaction densities for a series of two different percent Theoretical Maximum Density (TMD) HMX sets of experimental data. There is a good agreement between the simulations and the experimental gas gun data with the largest source of error being an 11% overestimate of the peak stress which may be due to impedance mismatch on the experimental gauge interface. Determination of these P-α parameters are important as they enable modeling of porosity and are a vital first step in modeling of precursory hotspots, caused by hydrodynamic collapse of void regions or grain interactions, prior to deflagration to detonation transition of granular explosives.
Highlights
Energetic formulations are commonly comprised of granular explosives which have complicated heterogeneous microstructures
Compaction waves traveling through porous cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine (HMX) are computationally modeled using the Eulerian hydrocode CTH and validated with gas gun experimental data
There is a good agreement between the simulations and the experimental gas gun data with the largest source of error being an 11% overestimate of the peak stress which may be due to impedance mismatch on the experimental gauge interface. Determination of these P-α parameters are important as they enable modeling of porosity and are a vital first step in modeling of precursory hotspots, caused by hydrodynamic collapse of void regions or grain interactions, prior to deflagration to detonation transition of granular explosives
Summary
Energetic formulations are commonly comprised of granular explosives which have complicated heterogeneous microstructures. Simulations are compared to existing Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) experimental gas gun data which captured velocity and stress as measured by magnetic particle velocity and polyvinylidene diflouride (PVDF) gauges. 1 for the simulated LANL gas gun experimental configuration with 65% theoretical maximum density (TMD) HMX impacted by a polychlorotrifluoroethylene (Kel-F) flyer. There exists a comparable set of LANL gas gun test data with granular HMX density of 1.4 g/cm3, 74% TMD or 26% porosity, and a flyer velocity of 270 m/s. These 1.4 g/cm[3] simulations were likewise repeated but are not discussed in the body of the paper. Results for the 1.4 g/cm[3] simulations are summarized in the concluding sections in conjunction with the 1.24 g/cm[3] HMX simulations
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