Abstract
This study presents two compact high-efficiency active integrated antennas (AIAs) working at 2.15 GHz. Both AIAs are realised by integrating the planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) at the back side of the class-E power amplifier. In the first design, the antenna input impedance is transformed into an optimum impedance of the power amplifier. It achieves the maximum power added efficiency (PAE) of 68.6% with a total dimension of 0.36λ0 × 0.32λ0 × 0.03λ0 (λ0 is calculated at 2.15 GHz). In the second design, the antenna directly connected to the drain terminal of the power amplifier and offers a maximum PAE of 74% with a compact size of 0.21λ0 × 0.17λ0 × 0.04λ0, results in the size reduction of 59%. The novelty of the second design is it offers frequency reconfigurable nature by moving the shorting plate of PIFA without scaling the power amplifier and antenna, which can support Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) (1920–2170 MHz), long term evolution (LTE)-40 (2300–2400), and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) (2500–2690 MHz) frequency bands. The measured results demonstrate that the proposed reconfigurable AIA yields the maximum PAE of 64% at both frequencies 2.3 and 2.6 GHz.
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