Abstract
We discuss vacuum decays catalyzed by spherical and horizonless objects and show that an ultra compact object could catalyze a vacuum decay around it within the cosmological time. The catalytic effect of a horizonless compact object could be more efficient than that of a black hole since in this case there is no suppression of the decay rate due to the decrement of its Bekestein entropy. If there exists another minimum with AdS vacuum in the Higgs potential at a high energy scale, the abundance of compact objects such as monopoles, neutron stars, axion stars, oscillons, Q-balls, black hole remnants, gravastars and so on, could be severely constrained. We find that an efficient enhancement of nucleation rate occurs when the size of the compact object is comparable to its Schwarzschild radius and the bubble radius.
Highlights
Compact objects are ubiquitous in high-energy physics as well as astrophysics and play significant roles in cosmological history of the Universe
We have discussed a role of a horizonless compact object as a catalyst for a vacuum decay
As long as the interaction between a bubble and a catalyzing object is negligible, our results do not depend on the details of the object much and its gravity plays an essential role in the catalyzing process
Summary
The abundance of the catalyzing objects should be small enough to avoid the nucleation of AdS vacuum bubble within our observable Universe until present This is important in the standard model of particle physics [61, 67, 68], where the Higgs potential could develop a AdS vacuum at a high energy scale because of the running of quartic coupling [69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83].
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