Abstract
We reported the design and implementation of an in-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on a pair of long-period gratings (LPGs) written on a photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The LPG was fabricated by using a pulsed CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> laser to carve grooves periodically along the PCF. The MZI relies on the interference between the fundamental core mode and a cladding mode of the PCF. The MZI was further demonstrated as a temperature sensor and a strain sensor. The temperature and strain sensitivities were measured to be 42.4 pm/degC and - 2.6 pm/muepsiv, respectively. We also fabricated an MZI on a single-mode fiber, which has a temperature sensitivity of 1215.56 pm/( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">deg</sup> Cmiddotm) and a strain sensitivity of + 0.445 pm/muepsiv.
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