Abstract
We have developed a compact high-resolution retarding field energy analyzer for measuring the energy spread of space-charge-dominated electron beams. This energy analyzer has a cylindrical electrode to overcome the defocusing effects due to space-charge forces, beam trajectories, aperture effect, etc. The device provides excellent spatial and temporal information on the beam energy spread. Single-particle simulation shows that this energy analyzer has very good resolution for low-energy electron beams of several kilovolts and with large divergence angles. The energy analyzer has been tested with 2.5 keV, 60 mA electron beams. The measured energy spread is also compared with the theoretical calculations taking into account two main energy spread sources, namely, the Boersch effect and the longitudinal-longitudinal relaxation.
Highlights
Advanced particle accelerators for heavy-ion inertial fusion, high-energy colliders, free electron lasers, and other applications require high-quality, intense beams, which can be focused onto a small diameter target
While there have been many experimental and theoretical investigations of emittance growth in intense beams, very little work exists on the sources and evolution of energy spread in such beams
In order to gain a full understanding of the evolution of the energy spread, we require a device that has excellent spatial and temporal resolution such that we can develop a 3D map of the energy spread in the beam
Summary
Advanced particle accelerators for heavy-ion inertial fusion, high-energy colliders, free electron lasers, and other applications require high-quality, intense beams, which can be focused onto a small diameter target. For such applications, the beams must have very low emittance and low-energy spread. The initial energy spread of the beams from the gun with a thermionic emitter and the growth of this energy spread in the transport line must be measured with high precision For these applications, a high-resolution energy analyzer is necessary. In order to gain a full understanding of the evolution of the energy spread, we require a device that has excellent spatial and temporal resolution such that we can develop a 3D map of the energy spread in the beam. We first discuss the theory of the energy spread source in the space-charge-dominated beams and we will describe the design, simulation, and beam tests of the new retarding field energy analyzer
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