Abstract
A simple dual-band patch antenna with paired L-shap slots for on- and off-body communications has been presented in this article. The proposed antenna resonates in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band at two different frequencies, at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. At the lower frequency band, the antenna’s radiation pattern is broadsided directional, whereas it is omni-directional at the higher frequency band. The efficiency and performance of the proposed antenna under the influence of the physical body are improved, and the specific absorption rate (SAR) value is significantly reduced by creating a full ground plane behind the substrate. The substrate’s material is FR-4, the thickness of which is 1.6 mm and it has a loss tangent of = 0.02. The overall size of the proposed design is 40 mm × 30 mm × 1.6 mm. Physical phantoms, such as skin, fat and muscle, are used to evaluate the impact of physical layers at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The SAR values are assessed and found to be 0.19 W/kg and 1.18 W/kg at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively, over 1 gram of mass tissue. The acquired results indicate that this antenna can be used for future on- and off-body communications and wireless services.
Highlights
Body-centric communication (BCC) may be separated into three different areas according to the means of communication, in, off- and on-body communication, as studied in [1,2,3]
The other form is an on-body correspondence that refers to a circumstance where various sensors are kept on the body, and it requires self-communication within the body area network (BAN) [4,5,6]
The results indicate that this antenna can be utilized for applications in wireless body area network (WBAN)
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. In [18], a dual-band circular patch antenna for on- and off-body wireless networks was explained. The radiating patch was a simple slotted circular patch that operated at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz. the volume of the proposed antenna was very large. The antenna worked at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, with an overall size of 30 × 45 × 3.2 mm3 Another felt substrate-based dual-band antenna operational at 2 and 5.8 GHz for wearable utilization was presented in [22]. F4B substrate-based antenna of 100 × 100 × 3.2 mm was depicted in [23] This dual-band antenna operated at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz, with impedance bandwidths of 2.57% and 5.22%, respectively, and the SAR values were not analyzed.
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