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Abstract
This paper proposes novel low-profile differential-fed planar antennas with embedded sharp frequency selectively. The antennas are compact and easy to integrate with differential devices without matching baluns. The antenna design is formulated as a topology optimization problem, where requirements on impedance bandwidth, directivity, and filtering are used as the design objectives. The optimized antennas operate over the frequency band 6.0–8.5 GHz. The antennas have reflection coefficients below −15 dB, cross-polarization levels below −42 dB, a maximum gain of 6.0 ± 0.5 dB, and a uniform directivity over more than 130° beamwidth angle in the frequency band of interest. In addition, the antennas exhibit sharp roll-off between the operational band and frequencies around the 5.8 GHz WiFi band and the 10 GHz X-band. One antenna has been fabricated with a good match between simulation and measurement results.
Highlights
Wireless communication and sensing systems are continuously raising new demands on performance of components, and on their miniaturization, integration with on-chip devices, environmental effects, and costs
We implement the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to run on graphics processing units (GPUs), and we use uniform FDTD cubical grids in all simulations
The second difference is that the current work targets wideband filtering antennas, whereas previous contributions focused on narrow band antennas
Summary
Wireless communication and sensing systems are continuously raising new demands on performance of components, and on their miniaturization, integration with on-chip devices, environmental effects, and costs. The design of each component is accomplished in a separate design step and typically relies on simple structures inspired from circuit and transmission line theories. This design methodology is beneficial for design reuse, it results in large circuit footprints and high insertion losses. The second approach uses parasitic elements inside/near the antenna structure [5,6,9] This approach is suitable for narrow band antennas, such as microstrip antennas; it typically requires a redesign of the antenna to account for the presence of the parasitic objects. Liu et al [6] proposed to Electronics 2019, 8, 1241; doi:10.3390/electronics8111241 www.mdpi.com/journal/electronics
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