Abstract
In this paper, we present the design of a compact and highly sensitive microwave sensor based on a metamaterial complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR), for liquid characterization at microwave frequencies. The design consists of a two-port microstrip-fed rectangular patch resonating structure printed on a 20 × 28 mm2 Roger RO3035 substrate with a thickness of 0.75 mm, a relative permittivity of 3.5, and a loss tangent of 0.0015. A CSRR is etched on the ground plane for the purpose of sensor miniaturization. The investigated liquid sample is put in a capillary glass tube lying parallel to the surface of the sensor. The parallel placement of the liquid test tube makes the design twice as efficient as a normal one in terms of sensitivity and Q factor. By bending the proposed structure, further enhancements of the sensor design can be obtained. These changes result in a shift in the resonant frequency and Q factor of the sensor. Hence, we could improve the sensitivity 10-fold compared to the flat structure. Subsequently, two configurations of sensors were designed and tested using CST simulation software, validated using HFSS simulation software, and compared to structures available in the literature, obtaining good agreement. A prototype of the flat configuration was fabricated and experimentally tested. Simulation results were found to be in good agreement with the experiments. The proposed devices exhibit the advantage of exploring multiple rapid and easy measurements using different test tubes, making the measurement faster, easier, and more cost-effective; therefore, the proposed high-sensitivity sensors are ideal candidates for various sensing applications.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks are essential in our society, and are becoming an integral part of our environment [1,2,3,4,5,6]
The complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR)-based microwave sensors are based on the electric coupling of CSRRs, which are generally etched in the ground plane and have large electric fields [39], and are the most widely used topology of metamaterials in the design of highly sensitive liquid concentration sensors, due to their low profile and adaptability for various practical applications [40]
This paper proposes two small, low-cost, and highly sensitive microwave CSRR-based sensors for liquid characterization
Summary
Wireless sensor networks are essential in our society, and are becoming an integral part of our environment [1,2,3,4,5,6]. The CSRR-based microwave sensors are based on the electric coupling of CSRRs, which are generally etched in the ground plane and have large electric fields [39], and are the most widely used topology of metamaterials in the design of highly sensitive liquid concentration sensors, due to their low profile and adaptability for various practical applications [40]. In this simulation work, a symmetrical CSRR-based compact and highly sensitive bended microstrip sensor for liquid characterization is presented. This allows rapid analysis of the liquid’s dielectric properties at microwave frequencies
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