Abstract
BackgroundSleep disorders and primary headaches are both more prevalent among nursing staff than in the general population. However, there have been no reports about the comorbidity of poor sleep and primary headaches among nursing staff.MethodsStratified random cluster sampling was used to select 1102 nurses from various departments in three hospitals in north China. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The diagnosis of primary headaches including migraine, tension-type headache (TTH), and chronic daily headache (CDH) was based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version) (ICHD-3-beta).ResultsThe response rate was 93 %. Among 1023 nurses, the prevalence of poor sleep was 56.7 %. Of these, 315 nurses (34.13 %) had poor sleep comorbid with primary headaches. The prevalence of poor sleep in the groups with CDH (82.1 %), migraine (78.9 %), and TTH (59.0 %) was significantly higher than that in the group without headaches (47.3 %) (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that rotating shifts and suffering headache were independent risk factors for poor sleep. Also, the 1-year prevalence of the three types of primary headache was significantly increased in the poor sleep group (migraine: 21.2 % vs. 7.2 %; TTH: 27.9 % vs. 24.9 %; CDH: 4.1 % vs. 1.1 %; P < 0.05). Compared with normal sleepers, nurses with poor sleep were 1.72 times more likely to have severe headache (OR: 1.72, 95 % CI: 1.14–2.57).ConclusionComorbidity of poor sleep and primary headaches among nursing staff is common. Therefore, sleep quality should be carefully evaluated in nurses with primary headaches.
Highlights
Sleep disorders and primary headaches are both more prevalent among nursing staff than in the general population
This study, the first survey on the prevalence and factors associated with poor sleep among nursing staff in China, showed that the prevalence of poor sleep, as defined by a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI) score higher than 5, was 56.7 % [15], remarkably higher than the 8–30 % in the general population in China [3, 16]
By working rotating-shift schedules, individuals are exposed to work at the low point of their wellestablished circadian pattern, and their normal circadian systems are disrupted, which may result in poor sleep [7]
Summary
Sleep disorders and primary headaches are both more prevalent among nursing staff than in the general population. The 1-year prevalence of primary headache disorders among nursing staff in mainland China was 45.3 %, of migraine 14.8 % (migraine with aura 3.4 %, migraine without aura 11.4 %), of tensiontype headache (TTH) 26.2 %, and of chronic daily headache (CDH) 2.7 %, remarkably higher than in the general population. That study revealed that working a greater number of night shifts was associated with increased prevalence of primary headache [2]. Several previous surveys concluded that working night shifts was associated with high levels of sleep problems and sleepiness [5–7]. According to a cross-sectional survey of nurses in Japan, the prevalence of insomnia (29.2 %) was three to four times higher in nurses than that in the general population [8].
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