Comorbidity of periodontal diseases and atopic dermatitis

Abstract

Summary. Currently, the relationship between periodontal diseases and somatic pathology has been proven. Studies on the relationship between periodontal diseases and atopic diseases are few, which determines the relevance of this study.
 Purpose of the study. To characterize the relationship between inflammatory periodontal diseases and atopic dermatitis.
 Methods. Using the citation-analytical databases PubMed, Google Scholar and eLibrary, 26,470 full-text publications on the research topic were found from 2016 to 2023.
 Results and discussion: An analysis of literature data was carried out to study the relationship between inflammatory periodontal diseases and atopic dermatitis. The presence of oral pathology in patients with atopic diseases can, on the one hand, lead to a worsening of the course of the atopic disease, and on the other hand, an atopic disease can contribute to the development of oral diseases. After conducting a literature search and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the sample, complete overlap of the research topics was found in only 3 publications. The data obtained turned out to be contradictory, since two publications established a direct connection between periodontitis and atopic dermatitis, and one publication did not. In publications touching on the research topic on certain aspects, the possible mechanisms of comorbidity of periodontal diseases and atopic diseases are characterized and opinions are presented on the existence of a feedback or direct relationship between these pathologies.
 Conclusion: To date, the periodontal status of patients with atopic dermatitis remains poorly understood, and the evidence linking oral diseases to it is ambiguous. The presented studies partially confirmed the direct connection between periodontal diseases and atopic dermatitis, but the hygiene hypothesis, according to which there is an inverse relationship between periodontal diseases and atopic diseases, was not confirmed.