Abstract
Nature disasters and terrorist attacks have occurred globally in recent years. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has gained increasing attention, but its incidence and comorbidities in the general population are different from those inside the disaster areas. The present study estimated incident PTSD and comorbid diseases for over a decade in a cohort from a community-based integrated screening program. Factors associated with the incidence of PTSD were analyzed using Cox regression models. PTSD incidence was estimated as 81 per 105 person-years. Incidence was higher in females than in males and one-year increments in age lowered the risk for PTSD by 3%. Adjusting for other factors, cardiovascular heart disease (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–2.04), bipolar disorder (aHR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.07–3.24) and major depressive disorder (aHR = 7.03, 95% CI: 5.02–9.85) all significantly increased 45%, 86% and 603%, respectively, the risk of developing PTSD. The low rate of people with incident PTSD receiving treatment in this community health screening population implies there is room for improvement in terms of early detection and intervention. Clinical preventive efforts may be made for patients seeking general medical help, especially those with cardiovascular disorders or mood disorders.
Highlights
Nature disasters and terrorist attacks have occurred globally in recent years
Reported 1-year and lifetime prevalence rates of Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among adults from general population were around 3.5% and 7%, respectively[3,4,5,6]
metabolic syndrome (MetS) was not found to be associated with the development of PTSD after adjustment for covariates
Summary
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has gained increasing attention, but its incidence and comorbidities in the general population are different from those inside the disaster areas. Incidence was higher in females than in males and one-year increments in age lowered the risk for PTSD by 3%. Reported 1-year and lifetime prevalence rates of PTSD among adults from general population were around 3.5% and 7%, respectively[3,4,5,6]. Most previous epidemiological studies have reported the prevalence of PTSD in subjects exposed to war, terrorism, or natural disasters, rather than incidence of the disorder in the general population[7]. It is possible that discrepancies in the incidence of PTSD between developed and developing countries stem from differences in health care, medical advances, and social norms about caring for people following traumatic events www.nature.com/scientificreports/. Age at traumatic event, female gender, (family) history of psychiatric illness, and lower education level are all reported as pre-traumatic risk factors across trauma types[24,25]
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