Abstract
Scholars argue that everyday travel behavior is related less to location than to individual choice, due to the space–time convergence evident with increasing individual mobility. Yet, very few studies have empirically measured trends in the relative significance of location for travel habits over time. This article uses multilevel models based on official register data covering the total Swedish working population to explore how home–work distance varied among workers and across residential areas between 1990 and 2010. The results indicate growing variation in home–work distance for workers living in the same residential neighborhoods and that the significance of residential location for the home–work distance decreased throughout the studied period. The results may suggest that there is less scope now than in the early 1990s for shaping commuting behavior by altering the built environment in Sweden.
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