Abstract
We present a scheme for commutative watermarking-encryption (CWE) of audio data and demonstrate its robustness against an important class of attacks, Time-Scale Modifications (TSM). In addition, we show how the proposed CWE scheme can be integrated into a cryptographic protocol enabling public verification of the embedded mark without disclosing the mark or the watermarking key used for embedding.
Highlights
We present a scheme for commutative watermarking-encryption (CWE) of audio data and demonstrate its robustness against an important class of attacks, Time-Scale Modifications (TSM)
We show that the presented CWE scheme can be integrated into a modified version of a protocol due to Craver and Katzenbeisser [2], enabling zero-knowledge verification of the watermark, meaning a verifier can verify the presence of a watermark without disclosure of the mark M or the watermarking key WK
The following experiments were carried out with a collection of audio files provided by the European Broadcast Union (EBU) for sound quality assessment
Summary
An existing CWE concept for still images [1] is extended to audio files. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first CWE scheme for audio files to appear in the literature. We show that the presented CWE scheme can be integrated into a modified version of a protocol due to Craver and Katzenbeisser [2], enabling zero-knowledge verification of the watermark, meaning a verifier can verify the presence of a watermark without disclosure of the mark M or the watermarking key WK. CWE schemes for still images and encryption/watermarking techniques for audio files, with a special emphasis on those algorithms using similar techniques as in our approach.
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