Community structure, abundance and spatial distribution of water birds wintering in Poyang Lake wetland

Abstract

鄱阳湖是我国最大的淡水湖，也是具有国际意义的候鸟越冬地.本研究于2015和2016年越冬期对鄱阳湖越冬水鸟的群落结构、丰富度和空间分布进行了系统的调查，分别记录到水鸟494033和388017只，隶属于6目13科68种.雁形目和鸻形目鸟类种类最多，其次是鹳形目和鹤形目；从生态型来看，游禽32种，涉禽36种.雁鸭类相对丰富度最高，是鄱阳湖越冬水鸟的优势类群，其次是鸻形目鸟类，而2015和2016年鹤形目鸟类数量仅占当年总数量的2.6%和1.4%.在鄱阳湖湿地的不同区域，越冬水鸟种类组成差异较大.从空间分布来看，越冬水鸟主要集中在鄱阳湖自然保护区、九江湿地和南昌湿地.开展鄱阳湖越冬水鸟的种群数量调查，摸清越冬水鸟群落结构和种群丰富度现状，对于有针对性地开展越冬水鸟保护具有重要意义.;Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China and an internationally important wintering ground for water birds. In this study, the water bird community structure, abundance and spatial distribution are systematically investigated. The survey covers the whole area of Poyang Lake and records a total of 68 species of water birds belonging to 13 families from 6 orders. In total, 494033 and 388017 individuals were observed in winter of 2015 and 2016. Water birds of Anseriformes and Charadriiformes were the most abundant in species number, followed by Ciconiiformes and Gruiformes. There were 32 waterfowl species, and 36 shorebirds. As for relative abundance, Anatidae was the most abundant and thus the dominant group. followed by Charadriiformes. While Gruiformes only accounted for about 2.6% and 1.4% in 2015 and 2016. Meanwhile, evident spatial variations of water bird abundance and species composition were found in Poyang Lake. Therefore, it is of great significance to find out the current status of wintering water birds in Poyang Lake for scientific decision-making on water bird conservation.