Abstract
Municipal waste management has become a significant problem in many urban areas where solutions are complex and conflicting to form. One of the most important actors that can control waste management in a country is the government. Then the most important tool for setting standards in maintaining waste management is the public policy. Therefore, this paper will review and evaluate public policies that regulate solid waste management in China, Japan, and Malaysia, using secondary data. The three countries were chosen because their cases represented various significant and different factors that have often been an obstacle to waste management. The three case studies discuss community behavior analysis, policy mistranslation, and the lack of waste management infrastructure. The main obstacles of the waste management policy are to control people’s behavior, lack of garbage infrastructure, waste pickers are not organized, and lack of progress in waste management and recycling technology. The waste management policy needs to focus on increasing residents’ awareness to recycle and expand the producer’s responsibility to increase community engagement and boost successful waste management in a region or country.
Highlights
The increase in the population has an impact on the increase in existing urban waste
Before dissecting one by one how municipal waste management is regulated in several Asian countries, several tables will show the position or performance of countries—countries that are the subjects of this paper—in dealing with solid waste management
The main obstacles of the waste management policy are; 1) difficulty in controlling people's behavior such as the difficulty of increasing willingness-to-pay (WTP) among residents and recycling habit; 2) garbage sites infrastructure which is not available in many rural areas; 3) waste pickers are not organized by the government; 4) lack of progress in waste management and recycling technology which does not endanger the environment
Summary
The increase in the population has an impact on the increase in existing urban waste. Management of waste disposal is often a challenge in a community, especially in urban communities. Since 2010, there have been many public policies in various countries, trying to regulate waste management. That happened because there are still many problems that inhibit that policy's effectiveness, which is difficult to achieve. The effectiveness of policies is determined by matters such as the community's commitment to participate in attaining the policy's target and the government's ability to control people's behavior [3]. In achieving proper waste management, the government must optimize waste management technology [4]. We will describe the cases that occur in various countries, starting from general waste to solid waste management and recycling systems
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