Abstract
Aedes aegypti, the mosquito that carries dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, is present throughout the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI). To reduce mosquitoborne disease transmission, the USVI Department of Health (VIDOH) is responsible for integrated mosquito management. During January 2016-January 2018, USVI experienced its first Zika outbreak, with most cases reported during January-December 2016, as well as two Category 5 hurricanes (Irma on St. Thomas/St. John on September 6, 2017, and Maria on St. Croix on September 19, 2017). The hurricanes severely damaged mosquito protection-related building structures (e.g., screens, roofs) and infrastructure (e.g., electricity, air conditioning) and might have created an environment more conducive to mosquito breeding. VIDOH, with requested technical assistance from CDC, conducted three Community Assessments for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPERs) to provide rapid community information at the household level. The three CASPERs were conducted to inform 1) the Zika outbreak response, 2) the hurricane response, and 3) the hurricane recovery. The CASPERs assessed mosquito prevention and control-related experiences, attitudes, and practices; household and environmental conditions associated with mosquito breeding, prevention, and control; and other nonmosquito-related information to inform outbreak and disaster response planning. Approximately 40% of households were very concerned about contracting Zika virus during the Zika outbreak and hurricane responses. Environmental conditions were reported to become more favorable for mosquito breeding between the Zika outbreak and hurricane response. Between 75%-80% of the community supported mosquito-spraying in all assessments. VIDOH used these data to support real-time outbreak and hurricane response planning. Mosquito prevention and control community assessments can provide rapid, actionable information to advise both mosquito education and control and emergency response and recovery efforts. The CASPER design can be used by vector control programs to enhance routine and response operations.
Highlights
Community assessments conducted in the U.S Virgin Islands during the Zika outbreak response, hurricane response, and hurricane recovery found similar support for mosquito spraying, but support for specific spray methods varied
What are the implications for public health practice?
Assessments can be used by vector control programs to enhance routine operations
Summary
Somewhat concerned Dengue†† Chikungunya†† Malaria†† Yellow Fever†† Other/Don’t know††. § Hurricane response CASPER asked “since the storms.”This question was not asked in the Zika outbreak response CASPER. ¶ Responses from the Zika outbreak and hurricane response CASPERs are not directly comparable to responses from the hurricane recovery CASPER because the questions were asked differently. Questions asked in the Zika outbreak and hurricane response CASPERs were “Currently, how concerned are you and members of your household about getting the Zika virus?” and “Currently, how concerned are you and members of your household about getting other diseases mosquitoes may carry?”The question asked in the hurricane recovery CASPER was “Currently, how concerned are you and members of your household about getting diseases mosquitoes may carry?” with a follow-up question for specific diseases. ** Number of responses was too few to be weighed. ** Number of responses was too few to be weighed. †† Subcategories are a combination of both “very concerned” and “somewhat concerned.” Multiple responses were permitted
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