Abstract
The article treats the phenomenon of a communicative failure as a result of unsuccessful communication and analyses the factors leading to this occurrence. The research is based on the communicative-pragmatic method, which considers a variety of pragmatic factors affecting the realization of the communicative situation, and the descriptive method which is oriented on studying the language as a system of units and rules of their use. The illustrative basis consists of the situations expressing the meanings of epistemic possibility and epistemic necessity. The research enables us to single out six groups of reasons which can serve as factors leading to a communicative failure: disregard for the norms of social and speech etiquette, inadequate perception of the interlocutor and phenomena of the extra-linguistic reality, communicative failures as a result of the influence of the personality of the participants of communication and background information that the interlocutors possess, failure in the realization of the communicative intention of the speaker, intentional or unintentional striving for a communicative failure, inability to build a speech utterance. The indicated factors lead to the conclusion that they are often determined by the difference of an intra-cultural character, and the use of epistemic markers on the whole does not affect the success of communication.
Highlights
The notion of communication is relatively wide and concerns various fields of study
Communicative situation is characterized by the participants of communication having a common communicative intention oriented towards achievement of mutual understanding and reaching a consensus with regard to the topic of conversation
The conducted research enables us to single out nineteen causes of communicative failures which are characterized by the use of modal markers of epistemic possibility or epistemic necessity, the majority of which are not dependent on the cultural or linguistic characteristics of the participants of communication
Summary
The notion of communication is relatively wide and concerns various fields of study. Basing his research on the existing scientific approaches to the treatment of this phenomenon and the spheres of realization of communicative activity, A.Yu. Bykov groups them in the following mode: the first meaning regards the field of study of social sciences – it is communication of information in society “in the process of social activities of a person”; the second meaning is connected with the study of biology and presupposes biological communication (interaction); the third meaning concerns technical sciences and implies passageways, means of connection and various technical systems; the fourth meaning refers to “exchange of information in inanimate nature” and is studied by exact sciences [1]. As unsuccessful communication there can be marked the case of communication in which the message coded by the speaker remains unapprehended or misunderstood by the listener, which leads to a communicative failure
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