Abstract
With the ongoing trends in the energy sector such as vehicular electrification and renewable energy, the Smart Grid (SG) is clearly playing a more and more important role in the electric power system industry. One essential feature of the SG is the information flow over high-speed, reliable, and secure data communication networks in order to manage the complex power systems effectively and intelligently. SGs utilize bidirectional communication to function whereas traditional power grids mainly only use one-way communication. The communication requirements and suitable techniques differ depending on the specific environment and scenario. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date survey on the communication technologies used in the SG, including the communication requirements, physical layer technologies, network architectures, and research challenges. This survey aims to help the readers identify the potential research problems in the continued research on the topic of SG communications.
Highlights
Today’s method for the generation and distribution of electric power was designed and constructed in the last century and has remained unchanged since
Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS) systems permit the end-users to monitor, control, and manage the power consumption. These systems are comprised of smart appliances, sensors, smart meters, and in-home displays, and include applications for example home automation, temperature zone setting, water temperature, and controlling electricity use depending on real-time pricing information, etc
Fiber optical communication is well suited for control and monitoring, and backbone communication in WANs, it is more expensive than other alternatives it has the advantages of long range, high bandwidth, and high data rate, and not being susceptible to electromagnetic disturbances
Summary
Today’s method for the generation and distribution of electric power was designed and constructed in the last century and has remained unchanged since. Since 1 January 2019, most end-users in Norway should have installed smart electricity meters as part of the implementation of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) in the Norwegian power grid [5]. By the end of 2020, 3.2 million, or 99% of the electricity meters in Norway were smart meters [6]. About 71% of European consumers will have a smart electricity meter installed [7]. It is expected that 800 million smart meters will be installed by 2020 [8]. The installation of these metering devices can be seen as one of the first steps toward a smarter grid system, as implementing a SG is not a one-time event, but rather an evolutionary process.
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