Abstract
Automotive industry has gone through rapid changes in the past few years. The usage of electronics and electronic control units (ECUs) have increased manifold, and this has also affected the way different subsystems communicate. Communication technologies and protocols are required to fulfill demands of fault-tolerance, dependability, bandwidth and determinism of demanding and safety-critical applications. This paper presents a survey of state-of-the-art and the most commonly employed communication technologies and protocols; both wired and wireless for in-vehicle and vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication in the automotive systems. The technologies such as LIN (Local Interconnect Network), CAN (Controller Area Network), MOST (Media Oriented Systems Transport), and Flexray are compared in terms of the performance, reliability, cost and protocol characteristics. The study shows that Flexray is an excellent network topology for in-vehicle communication that has higher degree of fault tolerance, and is suitable for hard real time systems with high bandwidth. Moreover, wireless technologies i.e. Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi and UWB are discussed that satisfy different requirements of diagnostics and multimedia communication for in-vehicle and vehicle to vehicle communication and can be used for advanced autonomous driving systems. The paper also presented issues that need to be addressed to fully realize the potential of these communication technologies and other advancements in automotive industry.
Highlights
Advances in the field of electronics, control and embedded systems has greatly impacted the automotive industry in recent years
The main advantage of Ultra Wide Band (UWB) is that it has the ability to resist the interference so it can be used for collision avoidance [23]
The state-of-the-art wired network technologies for in-vehicle communication such as Local Interconnect Network (LIN), Controller Area Network (CAN), FLEXRAY and Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) and wireless network technologies for in-vehicle and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi and UWB have been discussed in this paper and compared in terms of architecture, development, applications, protocol characteristics, node structure, frame structure and data rate
Summary
Advances in the field of electronics, control and embedded systems has greatly impacted the automotive industry in recent years. A typical automotive system contains around 100 ECUs and thousands of communication signals [2] These software-intensive embedded systems put great challenges on the design of system architecture and communication mechanism. To handle this level of complexity, many efforts have been done by the automotive industry to standardize the software architectures as well as the communication protocols. Many functions in an automotive system are distributed over several ECUs and control algorithms are dependent on different subsystems [4] This increases the complexity and requires a reliable communication architecture which consists of a hierarchy and interconnection of different network technologies.
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