Abstract
BackgroundThe oral health promotion sessions for young children and parents in a clinical setting pose challenges to the dental team.AimTo apply PaeD‐TrICS (Paediatric dental triadic interaction coding scheme) to investigate the interaction of child, parent and dental nurse and determine the effect of nurse and parental behaviours on child participation within an oral health promotion session.MethodA video observational study was applied. The sample consisted of a dental nurse and 22 children aged 2‐5 years in a general dental practice in Scotland. Behaviours were catalogued with time stamps using PaeD‐TrICS. Analysis of behavioural sequences with child participation as the dependent variable was conducted using multilevel modelling.ResultsChildren varied significantly in their participation rate. The statistical model explained 28% of the variance. The older the child and longer consultations significantly increased child participation. Both nurse and parental behaviour had immediate influence on child participation. Parental facilitation had a strong moderating effect on the influence of the nurse on child participation.ConclusionsChild participation was dependent on nurse and parent encouragement signalling an important triadic communication process. The coding scheme and analysis illustrates an important tool to investigate these advisory sessions designed for delivering tailored messages to young children and parents.Patient or Public ContributionThe dental staff, child patients and their parents were involved closely in the conduct and procedures of the present study.
Highlights
| BACKGROUNDChild participation plays a pivotal role when children attend for health-care consultations.[1]
The oral health promotion sessions for young children and parents in a clinical setting pose challenges to the dental team
Despite the evidence of improved health-care quality for children, studies suggest that child participation and engagement in clinical settings remains low.6-8 It indicates that children are given less opportunities to be included as an active participant with parent and clinician in the evaluation and planning of their health care.[7]
Summary
Child participation plays a pivotal role when children attend for health-care consultations.[1]. One of the prerequisites for child participation in health-care encounters is effective communication.[6] Despite the evidence of improved health-care quality for children, studies suggest that child participation and engagement in clinical settings remains low.6-8 It indicates that children are given less opportunities to be included as an active participant with parent and clinician (triadic interaction) in the evaluation and planning of their health care.[7] The reasons for this lack of inclusion are believed to be complex.[9,10] First, it has almost been axiomatic over the decades that children are unable to contribute reliably to discussions about their symptoms and conditions due to their limited linguistic, cognitive and psychosocial abilities. The aims of this study are as follows: (a) to apply the new coding scheme (PaeD-TrICS) to investigate the interaction of child, parent and dental professional; (b) to determine the effect of dental professional and parental communication behaviours on child participation within an oral health promotion session; and (c) to investigate the role of parental communication upon child participation
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