Abstract
In this paper we are interested in real-time control applications that are implemented using Fog Computing Platforms consisting of interconnected heterogeneous Fog Nodes (FNs). Similar to previous research and ongoing standardization efforts, we assume that the communication between FNs is achieved via the IEEE 802.1 Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) standard. We model the control applications as a set of real-time flows, and we assume that the messages are transmitted using scheduled traffic that is using the Gate Control Lists (GCLs) in TSN. Given a network topology and a set of control applications, we are interested to synthesize the GCLs for messages such that the Quality-of-Control (QoC) of control applications is maximized and the deadlines of real-time messages are satisfied. We have proposed a Constraint Programming (CP)-based solution to this problem, and developed an accurate analytical model for QoC, which, together with a metaheuristic search employed in the CP solver can drive the search quickly towards good quality solutions. We have evaluated the proposed strategy on several test cases including realistic test cases and also validate the resulted GCLs on a TSN hardware platform and via simulations in OMNET++.
Highlights
We are at the beginning of a new industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), which will bring increased productivity and flexibility, mass customization, reduced time-to-market, improved product quality, innovations and new business models
The convergence of IT and OT will be supported by: the increased usage of IP-protocols, e.g., standardized Deterministic Ethernet solutions from IEEE Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) Task Group [6], upcoming 5G wireless standards [7], and interoperability standards such as OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) [8], all integrated into a Fog Computing Platform (FCP), see Fig. 1, which brings computation, communication and storage closer to the edge of the network
In this paper we address control applications virtualized on a distributed FCP, which are implemented as tasks running on Fog Nodes (FNs) that exchange messages over TSN
Summary
We are at the beginning of a new industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), which will bring increased productivity and flexibility, mass customization, reduced time-to-market, improved product quality, innovations and new business models. The convergence of IT and OT will be supported by: the increased usage of IP-protocols, e.g., standardized Deterministic Ethernet solutions from IEEE Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) Task Group [6], upcoming 5G wireless standards [7], and interoperability standards such as OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) [8], all integrated into a Fog Computing Platform (FCP), see Fig. 1, which brings computation, communication and storage closer to the edge of the network. In this paper we address control applications virtualized on a distributed FCP, which are implemented as tasks running on FNs that exchange messages over TSN. Similar to the related work, that the messages use the ST traffic type In this context, the scheduling of ST messages has a strong impact on the Quality-of-Control (QoC), i.e., the control performance [16].
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