Abstract
To test the prediction of communication disorder severity at 5 years of age from characteristics at 2 years for children with cerebral palsy (CP) whose communication is giving cause for concern. In this cohort study, 77 children (52 males; 25 females) with communication difficulties and CP were visited at home at 2 (mean 2y 4mo; SD 3mo) and 5 (mean 5y 5mo; SD 4mo) years of age. Information on the type and distribution of motor disorder, seizures, gross and fine motor function, hearing, and vision were collected from medical notes. Non-verbal cognition, language comprehension, language expression, spoken vocabulary, and methods of communication were assessed directly at age 2 years. At 5 years, communication and speech function were rated using the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS), Functional Communication Classification System (FCCS), and Viking Speech Scale (VSS). In multivariable regression models, CP type, Gross Motor Function Classification System level, vision, the amount of speech understood by strangers, non-verbal cognition, and number of consonants produced at age 2 years predicted the CFCS level at age 5 years (R2 =0.54). CP type, Manual Ability Classification System level, amount of speech understood, vision, and number of consonants predicted the FCCS level (R2 =0.49). CP type, amount of speech understood by strangers, and number of consonants predicted the VSS level (R2 =0.50). Characteristics at 2 years of age predict communication and speech performance at 5 years, and should inform referral to speech and language therapy.
Highlights
LINDSAY PENNINGTON1 | MONA DAVE1 | JENNIFER RUDD2 | MARY JO COOLEY HIDECKER3 | KATY CAYNES4 | MARK S PEARCE1
Sample We recruited 125 children born between 1st February 2005 and 31st December 2010, who had a confirmed diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP) or a nonprogressive motor disorder who were likely to receive a diagnosis of CP, and whose communication was giving a caregiver or health/social care provider cause for concern at 2 to 3 years of age
One hundred and twenty-five children participated in the full study, of whom 110 (88%) received a diagnosis of CP by age 5 years (Fig S1, online supporting information)
Summary
This was a prospective cohort study of 2-year-old children with communication difficulties and likely to have a CP diagnosis. Sample We recruited 125 children born between 1st February 2005 and 31st December 2010, who had a confirmed diagnosis of CP or a nonprogressive motor disorder who were likely to receive a diagnosis of CP, and whose communication was giving a caregiver or health/social care provider cause for concern at 2 to 3 years of age. This paper reports the data from children who entered the study at 2 years of age. Local clinicians identified children from their current caseloads, and referred families to the project. Clinicians provided information on birth year, sex, type, and distribution (uni/bilateral) of motor disorders for children who were not referred to the study.
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