Abstract
As we move toward increasing the grid integration of large-scale wind farms (WFs), reliable monitoring, protection, and control are needed to ensure grid stability. WFs are considered to be large and complex cyber physical systems owing to coupling between the electric power system and information and communication technologies (ICT). In this study, we proposed a framework for a cyber physical wind energy system (CPWES), which consists of four layers: a WF power system layer, data acquisition and monitoring layer, communication network layer, and application layer. We performed detailed network modeling for the WF system, including the wind turbines, meteorological mast (met-mast), and substation based on IEC 61400-25 and IEC 61850 standards. Network parameters and configuration were based on a real WF (Korean Southwest offshore project). The simulation results of the end-to-end delay were obtained for different WF applications, and they were compared with the timing requirements of the IEC 1646 standard. The proposed architecture represents a reference model for WF systems, and it can be used to enable the design of future CPWESs.
Highlights
There is a growing interest in increasing the penetration rate of renewable energies, such as wind power, solar energy, and biomass
As an increasing number of wind farms (WFs) are integrated into the power grid, communication infrastructure will play an important role in enabling the real-time operation, monitoring, and control of both wind turbines and the electric power grids to ensure grid stability [4]
We propose a framework for cyber physical wind energy systems (CPWESs), which consists of four layers: a WF power system layer, data acquisition and monitoring layer, communication network layer, and application layer
Summary
There is a growing interest in increasing the penetration rate of renewable energies, such as wind power, solar energy, and biomass. As an increasing number of WFs are integrated into the power grid, communication infrastructure will play an important role in enabling the real-time operation, monitoring, and control of both wind turbines and the electric power grids to ensure grid stability [4]. Condition monitoring systems (CMS), structure health monitoring (SHM), and supervisory control and data acquisition unit (SCADA) systems are used for real-time monitoring; (4) the monitoring scope of large-scale WFs has been expanded to cover the operation status of wind turbines, generated power, meteorological masts (met-mast), and substations. We propose a framework for cyber physical wind energy systems (CPWESs), which consists of four layers: a WF power system layer, data acquisition and monitoring layer, communication network layer, and application layer.
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