Communication and Computation by Quantum Games

Abstract

In the game called Prisoner's Dilemma, none of two prisoners, as players, is permitted to exchange information with the other and has to make his decision without knowing the decision of the opponent. Prisoners tell their jailer as their arbitrator their decisions and the jailer gives each of the prisoners an appropriate payoff according to the payoff function (the payoff table). That is, a certain communication between the two prisoners is performed at the moment the payoff is given to them by the jailer. Motivated by such a view of Prisoner's Dilemma game and many other games, we study communication and information carriers in quantum games. We also show that, quite surprisingly, communications in special quantum games can be used to solve problems that cannot be solved by using communications in classical games.