Abstract
To explore genetic mechanism of genetic generalized epilepsies (GGEs) is challenging because of their complex heritance pattern and genetic heterogeneity. KCNJ10 gene encodes Kir4.1 channels and plays a major role in modulating resting membrane potentials in excitable cells. It may cause GGEs if mutated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible association between KCNJ10 common variants and the susceptibility and drug resistance of GGEs in Chinese population. The allele-specific MALDI–TOF mass spectrometry method was used to assess 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KCNJ10 in 284 healthy controls and 483 Chinese GGEs patients including 279 anti-epileptic drug responsive patients and 204 drug resistant patients. We found the rs6690889 TC+TT genotypes were lower frequency in the GGEs group than that in the healthy controls (6.7% vs 9.5%, p = 0.01, OR = 0.50[0.29–0.86]). The frequency of rs1053074 G allele was lower in the childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) group than that in the healthy controls (28.4% vs 36.2%, p = 0.01, OR = 0.70[0.53–0.93]). The frequency of rs12729701 G allele and AG+GG genotypes was lower in the CAE group than that in the healthy controls (21.2% vs 28.4%, p = 0.01, OR = 0.74[0.59–0.94] and 36.3% vs 48.1%, p = 0.01, OR = 0.83[0.72–0.96], respectively). The frequency of rs12402969 C allele and the CC+CT genotypes were higher in the GGEs drug responsive patients than that in the drug resistant patients (9.3% vs 5.6%, OR = 1.73[1.06–2.85], p = 0.026 and 36.3% vs 48.1%, p = 0.01, OR = 0.83[0.72–0.96], respectively). This study identifies potential SNPs of KCNJ10 gene that may contribute to seizure susceptibility and anti-epileptic drug resistance.
Highlights
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders characterized by recurring unprovoked epileptic seizures and caused by synchronized electrical discharges of central neurons [1].Seizure disorders always be divided into idiopathic or symptomatic epilepsies
The study population consisted of 284 healthy controls (184 males, 100 female, mean age: 18.6 ± 12.2 years) and 483 genetic generalized epilepsies (GGEs) Chinese patients treated with Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) (297 males, 186 female, mean age: 18.3 ± 12.1 years), including 279 drug responsive patients and 204 drug resistant patients
Seven tagged-single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) and one missense mutation were chosen based on a comprehensive study of all tagSNPs across the entire KCNJ10 regions using HapMap data and the Haploview software (Table 3 and Fig 1)
Summary
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders characterized by recurring unprovoked epileptic seizures and caused by synchronized electrical discharges of central neurons [1].Seizure disorders always be divided into idiopathic or symptomatic epilepsies. KCNJ10 gene, which is located at chromosome 1q22–23 coding for inward rectifier potassium ion channel protein (Kir4.1) is highly expressed in various tissues, including inner ear, eye, and kidney, especially in the brain[4, 5]. Kir4.1 plays an important role in maintaining resting membrane potential by transporting potassium from the extracellular space into glial cells in the CNS[7, 8]. As a gene encoding potassium channel, KCNJ10 may be related to the susceptibility of GGEs, and be related to the efficacy of anti-epileptic drugs(AEDs). It is the electrophysiological basis state of nerve cells. Different electrophysiological basis state of nerve cells may respond differently to AEDs
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