Abstract
Numerous studies confirmed the association of FTO (fat mass and obesity associated gene) common variant, rs9939609, with obesity in European populations. However, studies in Asian populations revealed conflicting results. We examined the association of rs9939609 variant of FTO gene with obesity and obesity-related anthropometric and metabolic parameters in Pakistani population. Body weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, and blood pressure (BP) were measured. BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, leptin, and leptin receptors were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The results showed association of FTO gene, rs9939609, with obesity in females (>18 years of age). FTO minor allele increased the risk of obesity by 2.8 times (95% CI = 1.3–6.0) in females. This allele showed association with body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, BP, plasma FBG levels, HOMA-IR, plasma insulin levels, and plasma leptin levels. In conclusion, FTO gene, rs9939609, is associated with BMI and risk of obesity in adult Pakistani females. Association of rs9939609 variant with higher FBG, plasma insulin, and leptin levels indicates that this polymorphism may disturb the metabolism in adult females and predispose them to obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the above-mentioned findings were not seen in children or males.
Highlights
Obesity is a serious public health problem of 21st century in adults and among children and adolescents. It is associated with various adverse health outcomes such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and early deaths
We compared the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies for rs9939609 variant using Chi-square test in obese and nonobese subjects
We found significant association of rs9939609 variant with obesity in a dominant model (P < 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0–2.6) (Table 3)
Summary
Obesity is a serious public health problem of 21st century in adults and among children and adolescents. It is associated with various adverse health outcomes such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and early deaths. It represents a major epidemic in western countries and in South East Asia. Multiple allelic variants interact with one another and with environmental factors resulting in expression of obesity and its associated phenotypes [5]. The risk of high BMI and predisposition to diabetes was additive [6]
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