Abstract
As part of a general program investigating human calculi by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, several common features have been observed. Calcium oxalate occurrs in urinary and exongenous prostatic calculi and was seen to display similar characteristics morphologies in each. The rod and lathe-like morphology of brushite crystals was observed in urinary, prostatic and pancreatic stones while vaterite appeared as spherular or disc-like deposits in biliary and pancreatic calculi. Spherular clussters of tiny apatite crystallites occurred frequently in all types of stone except those from the pancreas. Crystalline porous deposits were a commonly observed feature in urinary, biliary, prostatic and salivary stones. Organic material in the form of strands or mucoid deposits was another feature in many calculi. It is suggested that these common ultrastructural features indicate the absence of crystal-habit modifying agents and that the formation of calculi in different organs occurs via similar, consistent physico-chemical mechanisms.
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