Common Mechanisms of Developmental Reprogramming in Plants-Lessons From Regeneration, Symbiosis, and Parasitism.

Yasunori Ichihashi,Tsuneo Hakoyama,Akira Iwase,Keiko Sugimoto,Ken Shirasu,Makoto Hayashi

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.01084

Abstract

Most plants are exquisitely sensitive to their environment and adapt by reprogramming post-embryonic development. The systematic understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating developmental reprogramming has been underexplored because abiotic and biotic stimuli that lead to reprogramming of post-embryonic development vary and the outcomes are highly species-specific. In this review, we discuss the diversity and similarities of developmental reprogramming processes by summarizing recent key findings in reprogrammed development: plant regeneration, nodule organogenesis in symbiosis, and haustorial formation in parasitism. We highlight the potentially shared molecular mechanisms across the different developmental programs, especially a core network module mediated by the AUXIN RESPONSIVE FACTOR (ARF) and the LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) family of transcription factors. This allows us to propose a new holistic concept that will provide insights into the nature of plant development, catalyzing the fusion of subdisciplines in plant developmental biology.

Highlights

Plants and animals are separated by about 1.5 billion years of evolutionary history and have independently evolved multicellular organizations
The above circumstantial evidence led us to test the idea that the lateral root (LR) developmental pathway with the AUXIN RESPONSIVE FACTOR (ARF)-LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) module may be activated during regeneration, nodulation, and haustorium formation (Figure 3) by reanalyzing the published transcriptome datasets of callus-inducing medium (CIM)-induced callus formation in Arabidopsis thaliana, nodule organogenesis in Lotus japonicus, haustorial formation in Striga hermonthica (Che et al, 2006; Høgslund et al, 2009; Yoshida et al, 2019)
After BLAST searching to identify the orthologous relationships between genes in the datasets from different species, we found the expression of all orthologs of SLR, LAX3, LBD16, PUCHI, PKL, ARF5, ARF6, and ARF8 in all datasets of regeneration, nodule organogenesis, and haustorial formation, except for ARF19

Summary

Introduction

Plants and animals are separated by about 1.5 billion years of evolutionary history and have independently evolved multicellular organizations. We summarize recent findings on the development and gene regulation of regeneration, nodule organogenesis in symbiosis, and haustorial formation in parasitism.

Results

Conclusion