Common cold is the most frequent cause for misdiagnosing aneurysmal SAH

Abstract

Abstract Background Misdiagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage has been hypothesized to affect outcomes. We studied patients with SAH who were admitted to our hospital to identify ways to prevent misdiagnosis. Methods A total of 709 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage were admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery of our hospital from January 2003 through December 2014. Fifty patients (7.05%) received a misdiagnosis. The patients were divided into a misdiagnosis group and a correct diagnosis group and compared. We examined the clinical features associated with misdiagnoses in the 41 patients with a misdiagnosis. Results There were statistically significant differences between the misdiagnosis group and correct diagnosis group in age ( p = 0.017), status at onset ( p = 0.020), symptoms ( p = 0.000402), period from symptom onset ( p = 1.03 × 10 − 5 ), transportation ( p = 4.57 × 10 − 27 ), Hunt & Kosnik grade ( p = 3.23 × 10 − 48 ), WFNS grade ( p = 2.22 × 10 − 25 ), type of medical institution ( p = 2.17 × 10 − 39 ), bleeding source ( p = 0.041), and the modified Rankin Scale at discharge ( p = 2.24 × 10 − 5 ). Conclusions Subarachnoid hemorrhage was misdiagnosed as a common cold in younger patients in whom headache suddenly developed at rest, but symptoms were mild, and the patient was brought to a general practitioner at a clinic by means other than an ambulance on the day after onset or subsequently. Misdiagnosis can be prevented by suspecting subarachnoid hemorrhage and performing imaging examinations; obtaining a detailed medical history is therefore essential.