Abstract
Limited tolerance of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to cold temperatures hinders an addi- tional harvest during the small rainy season crop cycle (February to May) in the Ethiopian high- lands that comprise two-thirds of the country. Therefore, identification of cold tolerant common bean genotypes is of paramount importance for the region. Field screening of 99 common bean genotypes originally procured from CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture) was car- ried out for nine different plant traits associated with crop growth and yield at two locations dif- fering in climates: Dire Dawa-higher daily maximum and minimum temperatures and absence of near zero chilling temperatures from February to May; Haramaya-lower daily maximum and mini- mum temperatures and occasionally near zero chilling temperatures during this period. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the existence of significant variation among genotypes for the parameters measured. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to assess the vari- ation and correlation among genotypes for the traits and group them based on their performance at the two locations. The combination of first three principal components explained more than 50% of the genotypic variations. Principal component analysis was also able to discriminate the performance of genotypes between the two locations. It was grouped into at least 17 genotypes that were specific to Haramaya highland location. The results also revealed significant variation in performance among the 17 genotypes. These genotypes are specific to Ethiopian highlands and prominent resources for in-situ conservation of germplasms.
Highlights
Common bean, known as dry bean, is the most important legume crop in the world and the main source of dietary protein in the developing countries [1] [2]
Common bean is cultivated both in highlands and lowlands, but its production is constrained by low temperature prevalence in the Ethiopian highlands with varying amounts of rainfall
The experiment consisted of three replications and planted with 99 common bean genotypes obtained from CIAT and one local variety, Awash1 were evaluated at both locations
Summary
Known as dry bean, is the most important legume crop in the world and the main source of dietary protein in the developing countries [1] [2]. It is grown on subsistence farms by small holders in Africa with acreage exceeding 4 million hectares and serves more than 70 million livelihoods in sub-Saharan African continent [3]-[5]. Lowlands have very conducive temperature for common bean cultivation during secondary rainy period and have varying rainfall patterns. A few reports of genotypic variation for cold tolerance in common bean exist suggesting the probable success of such efforts [7]-[9]
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