Abstract
The definition of common international guidelines for the compilation of high quality hydrogeological maps has been attempted from the second half of the last century for hydrogeologists, to solve the lack of uniformity among national guidelines due to the various geological-hydrogeological and climatic situations of different countries worldwide. With this aim, the China Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Italy-ISPRA are undertaking cooperative research in implementing 1:50,000 scale hydrogeological survey and mapping at selected sites in both countries. The project intends to develop a new generation of hydrogeological and groundwater resource maps with descriptive effectiveness and consistency with field survey data. The project will promote improvements of technologies in hydrogeological survey and mapping of the two countries and might even be agreed at a wider international level. Chinese and Italian hydrogeological guidelines have similar aspects as well as concerns: 1) the undertaking of field surveys at the 1:50,000 scale and more detailed (1:25000) scale; 2) building of a hydrogeological database; 3) publication of the official map in both paper and electronic form; 4) inclusion of several small scale maps inlayed at the margin of a main map in the hydrogeological map layout; 5) comparable level in required survey quota. Furthermore, more attention will be paid to a 3D map, conceptual model, aquifer structure, groundwater cycle and hydrogeological parameter description.In contrast, the most important difference regards the following. The hydrogeological mapping guidelines of Italy have integrated specifications for both survey and mapping, i.e. they deal with a structural layout characterized by survey contents followed by mapping contents and reflect a technical route of surveying for mapping. In contrast, there are no mapping contents in the current hydrogeological guidelines of China and these then needed to be formulated. The Italian guidelines could provide important references for China in legend organization, mapping rules, survey quota and so on.Finally, the collaboration between China and Italy is of great significance for the two ancient civilized countries sharing the “One Belt and One Road” international initiative.
Highlights
Hydrogeological maps were considered useful basic documents with the increasing demand for water before the middle of the 20th century, in the industrialized countries, that called for a rational planning of water resources to serve agriculture, industry and the public supply
Several editions of the legends were published, such as a draft legend published by UNESCO in 1963 (ANON, 1963), a new legend pub lished by the Institute of Geological Sciences (London) IAHS, IAH and UNESCO in 1970 (ANON, 1970), a revised legend pub lished by UNESCO in 1983 (STRUCKMEIER et al, 1983) and a final version of the International Legend for Hydrogeological Maps published by IAH in 1995 (STRUCKMEIER & MARGAT, 1995)
In the basic requirement for hydrogeological survey and mapping at 1:50.000 scale, both the Chinese and Italian guidelines have almost the same concerns including the following: (1) the geographic map in more detailed scale, normally at 1:25.000 scale; (2) building a hydrogeological database; (3) publication of official maps in both paper and electronic form; (4) several small scale maps inlaid at the margin of a thematic map in hydrogeo logical map layout; (5) the compilation outline on the specification of the hydrogeological map; (6) more attention paid to a 3D map, conceptual model, aquifer structure, groundwater cycle and hy drogeological parameter description
Summary
Hydrogeological maps were considered useful basic documents with the increasing demand for water before the middle of the 20th century, in the industrialized countries, that called for a rational planning of water resources to serve agriculture, industry and the public supply. Several editions of the legends were published, such as a draft legend published by UNESCO in 1963 (ANON, 1963), a new legend pub lished by the Institute of Geological Sciences (London) IAHS, IAH and UNESCO in 1970 (ANON, 1970), a revised legend pub lished by UNESCO in 1983 (STRUCKMEIER et al, 1983) and a final version of the International Legend for Hydrogeological Maps published by IAH in 1995 (STRUCKMEIER & MARGAT, 1995) All of these extensively promoted developments of hydro geological mapping worldwide and were successful. The definition of common international guide lines for the compilation of high quality hydrogeological maps at medium- and large-scale has been attempted by hydrogeologists globally, in attempts to solve the lack of uniformity among na tional guidelines due to the various geological-hydrogeological and climatic situations of different countries
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