Abstract
Gastric ulceration is a multifactorial disease defined as a defect in the gastric wall that extends through the muscularis mucosae into the deeper layers of the wall. The most common cause of gastric ulceration is alcohol consumption. In the current study, rats were gavaged by ethanol to investigate the protective (before ethanol) and curative (after ethanol) ability of Commiphora myrrh (myrrh) oil and extract against gastric ulcer oxidative alterations induced by ethanol. Myrrh significantly improved ulcer index, histomorphology, and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) impaired by ethanol. In addition, myrrh improved the antioxidant potential of gastric mucosa through enhancement of nuclear factor related to erythroid 2 (Nrf2), total glutathione (GSH), reduced GSH, and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), along with significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Amelioration of gastric oxidative stress by myrrh enables gastric mucosa to counteract the ethanol’s inflammatory and apoptotic processes leading to improved gastric proliferation and healing. Interestingly, myrrh extract showed better protective and curative effects than myrrh oil against gastric ulceration.
Highlights
Ethanol ingestion prompts intensified ulcer index, proven by marked gastric mucosal long hemorrhagic bands, petechial lesions with ulcerative inflammation [28], gastric degeneration and necrosis [29], death of epithelial cells, and local or multiple hemorrhagic ulcers [30]. This may be attributed to the high expression of various inflammatory cytokines and chemokine’s that are chemotactic to leukocytes and other cells of inflammatory processes [31]
Myrrh treatment was found to preserve the functional cytoarchitecture of the entire gastric mucosa, evidenced by a low ulcer index
Myrrh implies improving the healing of the gastric ulcers and earlier preventing the development of ulcers induced by necrotizing agents [32]
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. A peptic ulcer is defined as a lesion in the epithelium covering all of the digestive tract [1]. It interrupts the integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosal layer in the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine [2]. A gastric ulcer is the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorder associated with an inflamed disruption in the mucous membrane layer of the stomach [3]. The annual frequency of this disease is globally about
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